Where do bird peck marks on walnut logs typically penetrate?

Where do bird peck marks on walnut logs typically penetrate?

• A. Bark and cambium.
• B. Inner sapwood only
• C. Heartwood
• D. Outer cambium only

Answer: (A)

Bird pecking damage is focused on the tree’s outer, living tissues where the bird is searching for insects or sap. In walnut logs, the marks typically penetrate the bark and the cambium—the thin living layer just beneath the bark. The heartwood is dead and the inner sapwood is deeper and less accessible to this kind of damage, so the common pattern is damage to bark and cambium rather than deeper wood.

Bird pecking damage is focused on the tree’s outer, living tissues where the bird is searching for insects or sap. In walnut logs, the marks typically penetrate the bark and the cambium—the thin living layer just beneath the bark. The heartwood is dead and the inner sapwood is deeper and less accessible to this kind of damage, so the common pattern is damage to bark and cambium rather than deeper wood.